Felson routine activity theory book1/17/2024 In that sense, crime is not something extraordinary, but the product of everyday life. So, on the whole, routine activities theory says that crime occurs when these three elements are present. On the other hand, of course, if guardians are absent, a crime is more likely to occur. These people act as guardians simply by being present, because they might act when they see a crime happening. For example, if an offender is motivated to commit crime, he or she might not do it if there are many people around. In fact, it’s often the presence of ordinary people that can prevent crime. Of course, one could think of the police because they can prevent crime, but guardianship is meant in a much broader way. Guardianship can be interpreted in many different ways. The third element that is necessary for crime to occur is an absence of capable guardianship. The Capable Guardian in Routine Activities Theory Or some victims look like they might carry more valuable items and might therefore be more suitable targets. For example, some victims are less able to defend themselves. Target suitability does not just refer to property, but also to crimes against people, because it can also refer to the vulnerability of people to becoming a victim. But it has since been applied to many more types of crimes, for example, drug dealing, cybercrime, and white-collar crime. In fact, routine activities theory was originally developed to explain direct contact predatory crimes, meaning crimes where an offender comes into direct physical contact with a victim. People and objects that are in a public space that everyone can enter are easier to target compared to a private space.Īt first sight, these factors are most applicable to property crime and robbery. And finally, the access to a target is an important factor.If, for example, valuables are left out in plain sight, it’s much easier to steal them than when they’re hidden. Third, how suitable a target is depends on the visibility of the target.For example, it is quite difficult to move very large appliances, like a freezer, whereas it’s much easier to transport a mobile phone. Second, there is “ inertia”, which refers to how difficult it is to move or transport an object.This can refer to money, like how much something is worth financially, or also, for example, to what it means for someone’s status, like, for example, having a particular gadget. First, there is the value of a target.The question here is what makes a target suitable? A number of factors play a role: The second element is that a suitable target needs to be present. Whether people decide to commit crime depends on the other two elements, namely whether a suitable target and guardianship are present. So, routine activities theory doesn’t suggest that it takes deep, psychological motivations to commit a crime instead, ordinary people can be convinced to commit crime relatively easily. Instead, routine activities theory is more interested in the victimization side, which is why it’s very influential in victimology. This is where the theory is different from most criminological theories, which are focused on why the offender wants to commit a crime. They’re not interested in why the offender is motivated. Cohen and Felson simply assume that a motivated offender is present. Although this is one of the three central elements, routine activities theory is not very interested in it. So let’s have a look at each of these three elements. The Elements of the Routine Activity Approach When these three elements come together at the same time in the same space, crime occurs. Instead, the theory says that for crime to occur, three elements must be present, namely (1) a motivated offender, (2) a suitable target, and (3) the absence of capable guardians. Crime is not something extraordinary that requires a deep psychological analysis. The idea is that crime is the result of people’s everyday behavior, of the way in which offenders and victims go about their daily lives. So what does routine activities theory say? Routine activities theory is based on the idea that offenders make rational choices about whether to commit a crime. Routine Activities Theory: Definition and Meaning Contribution of Routine Activities Theory to Criminology.Routine Activities Theory and Crime Rates.The Capable Guardian in Routine Activities Theory.The Elements of the Routine Activity Approach.Routine Activities Theory: Definition and Meaning.
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